On the other hand, increasing the carrier frequency also means that, for a given physical size of an antenna, it becomes more directive. Compensating this with higher transmission power might not be possible due to limitations in millimeter-wave hardware design and to current regulations on transmitted power being stricter at frequencies above 6 GHz.
A large bandwidth can exacerbate this further due to increased thermal noise power in the receivers. Instead, obtaining coverage is the main challenge as substantially higher transmission losses may occur due to smaller antenna apertures and in some cases also higher attenuations, as explained in Chapter 3.
Xiaoming Chen, in 5G Physical Layer, 2018 7.1.2 High FrequenciesĪt high frequencies, the spectral efficiency is less crucial since there is plenty of spectrum available.
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